Health, Nutrition & Exercise Science Masters Papers

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Browsing Health, Nutrition & Exercise Science Masters Papers by browse.metadata.department "Health, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences"

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    Current Supplementation Recommendations for Vitamin D Intake in Pregnancy; What Research Says after 2011
    (North Dakota State University, 2018) Posch, Kayla Renee
    Vitamin D (vit. D) deficiency is common during pregnancy (Holick, et al., 2011). Supplementation of vit. D has shown to protect against complications and adverse outcomes during pregnancy (De-Regil LM, 2016). A comprehensive literature search and review was conducted to locate articles related to pregnancy outcomes. The literature review found thirteen studies related to vit. D and impact on pregnancy, twenty-five studies examined adverse pregnancy outcomes related to vit. D deficiency and eight studies examined current vit. D intake among pregnant women. Evidence shows a positive association between vit. D deficiency and pregnancy, suggesting that vit. D sources require closer examination and recommendations for pregnant women and women of childbearing age. Evidence shows mixed results with correlation of vit. D deficiency to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Vitamin D supplementation has shown to contribute to total vit. D intakes and shows adequate increases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) levels with supplementation.
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    A Deeper Understanding of Female Athlete Body Image
    (North Dakota State University, 2013) Christensen, Jeney Anne
    The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of how body image can impact the self-esteem and confidence of female athletes. As the media and public image of professional female athletes becomes increasingly more sexualized, the pressure continues to rise for youth and collegiate female athletes to not only to excel at the sports they participate in, but also be what society deems attractive. These demands lead to harmful behaviors such as disordered eating, over-exercising, and certain drug abuse which, in turn, can result in serious health issues or even death. Continuous study and exploration of female body image – especially in the case of athletes – can aid those involved in battling above mentioned behaviors resulting from poor body image.
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    Effect of Evening Food Composition on Pre-Breakfast Fasting and Overall Glucose Control in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes : A Review
    (North Dakota State University, 2011) Vannelli, Anna Jane
    This paper reviews current data on medical nutrition therapy (MNT) strategies related to evening food composition and the effect on pre-breakfast fasting and overall blood glucose control in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to locate pertinent articles, and a review of literature was completed. Eight studies related to type 1 diabetes and nine studies related to type 2 diabetes were identified and reviewed. The available evidence shows that people living with type 1 diabetes should consume a daily bedtime snack composed of carbohydrate and protein, but not high in fat. People with type 2 diabetes may not benefit from a bedtime snack, since eliminating the snack does not result in hypoglycemia and studies have not definitively shown that a snack reduces pre-breakfast fasting glucose compared to placebo. People with type 2 diabetes should also avoid a supper meal high in kilocalories.
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    Fear of Reinjury: A Survey of NCAA Athletes Post ACL Reconstruction and Rehabilitation
    (North Dakota State University, 2011) Salvesen, Nicole Marie
    The purpose of this study was to determine if a fear of reinjury and degree of current knee pain, as measured by the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) respectively, were associated with a collegiate athlete's decision to return to sport after suffering from an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, having reconstructive surgery, and performing rehabilitation. The secondary purpose of this study was to determine if the scores on the TSK varied among the athlete's pain at time of injury, age at time of injury, an athlete's return to a pre-injury level of activity, National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) divisions, gender, graft type. mechanism of injury, and months since the time of injury. The tertiary purpose of this study was to determine if gender or the KOOS-Pain score affected an athlete's return to pre-injury level of activity. The results of this study may contribute to improvements in rehabilitation processes by orthopedic surgeons and sports medicine professionals in order to decrease the fear of reinjury in those athletes that are being treated for injuries to the ACL. Subjects for this study were selected from a group of 273 NCAA-sanctioned Division I, II or III institutions. All subjects previously participated or were currently participating in NCAA sanctioned athletics during their college career and had suffered an ACL tear. Additionally, all of the subjects experienced ACL reconstruction surgery, rehabilitation for the ACL injury and repair surgery, and were cleared by a physician. Emails were sent to supervising athletic trainers of each randomly selected NCAA institution asking for their assistance through the distribution of an informational letter to potential study participants. The informational letter provided student-athletes with a link allowing them to access the Survey Monkey™ questionnaire. which utilized questions taken from the TSK and KOOS survey instruments, as well as a general questionnaire for collection of limited demographic data for each participant. A total of 14 males and 35 females (n = 49) participated in the study. The information collected in the current study revealed that the participants· fear of reinjury was only significantly related to an athlete's degree of current knee pain and overall quality of life after suffering from an ACL tear, reconstructive surgery, and rehabilitation. The results of the study indicated a statistical significance (p < 0.05) between the participants' fear of reinjury and KOOS-Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and KOOS-Sports and Recreation (Sports/Rec). Third. the results indicated a statistical significance between the fear of reinjury and the participants· age at the time of the injury to the ACL. The results of this study indicated that NCAA athletes, regardless of division, do, in fact, possess a high fear of reinjury. Although the factor regarding fear of reinjury was not found to be directly related to a return to pre-injury levels of activity in this study. improvements in rehabilitation processes and implementation of different psychological strategies by orthopedic surgeons and sports medicine professionals may help to decrease or eliminate the fear of reinjury in those athletes that are being treated for injuries to the ACL.
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    Kinematic, Neuromuscular, and Performance Changes due to Overspeed Training for Ice Hockey
    (North Dakota State University, 2013) Faught, Phillip Michael
    Athletes, coaches, and strength and conditioning practitioners are constantly searching for new and improved speed training methods give themselves or their athletes an edge over their competition. Overspeed training is not a new technique of speed training; however changes and developments over the past decade have created many new methods to train at supramaximal speed. Choosing the appropriate method or methods of overspeed training is important for the training to have the desired performance improvements. High speed running and skating treadmills, tow-assisted running and skating, as well as downhill running are some of the most common methods of overspeed training. Overspeed training has been shown to improve running and skating kinematics resulting in increases in overall speed. Evaluating the benefits and negative effects of specific overspeed methods is important when selecting which methods to apply.
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    Motivational Climate in Physical Education and Youth Sport
    (North Dakota State University, 2012) Prichard, Alison Leigh
    The purpose of this paper was to gain an understanding of how the motivational climate can affect children in the context of Physical Education (PE) and youth sport. In an effort to combat the increase in overweight and obesity rates, creating an environment in which children enjoy and develop positive habits related to physical activity has become a priority. The constructs of PE and youth sport have been identified as opportunities to reach children and instill healthy habits and attitudes regarding exercise that extend into adulthood. The motivational climate is a key structure for the proper facilitation and development of these cognitions.