Health, Nutrition & Exercise Science

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Research from the Department of Health, Nutrition & Exercise Science. The department website may be found at https://www.ndsu.edu/hnes/

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Browsing Health, Nutrition & Exercise Science by Subject "Biomechanics"

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    Differences in Ground Reaction Forces between Take-Offs that are Out, On, or Under in the Pole Vault
    (North Dakota State University, 2012) Francis, Shawn Michael
    Aim. The take-off is regarded as the most important phase of the pole vault yet there is an insufficient amount of research on the ground reaction forces of the pole vault takeoff. At this time there is not any scientific research comparing force and time between takeoffs that are out, on and under. The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in ground reaction forces between pole vault take-offs that are out, on or under. Methods. Over five days, 15 male and female college pole vaulters completed 226 vaults on a (AMTI Accupower) force plate. The jumps were put into categories of out, on and under and analyzed by Accupower, and Dartfish software. Separate mixed modal ANOVAs (SAS 9.3) were applied (P≤.05) for comparison between jump types. Conclusions. There is no significant difference between ground reaction forces of the three jump types.
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    Evaluation of the Relationship Between Scapular Dyskinesis and Acromiohumeral Distance
    (North Dakota State University, 2022) Ives, Ariel
    This study analyzed the interaction between scapular dyskinesis (SDK) and acromiohumeral distance (AHD). Diagnostic ultrasound (DUS) was used to measure the AHD of 33 participants between 10 and 120o of weighted arm elevation in the scapular and frontal planes. Images were collected every 10o as the participant raised and held the weight at each increment. This process was completed bilaterally prior to completion of the Scapular Dyskinesis Test (SDT) to diagnose the presence of SDK. Intra-rater reliability was assessed with ICC (3,1) and four multilinear regressions were used to evaluate the relationship between AHD and SDK. Results indicated nearly perfect inter-rater reliability and a significant, positive relationship between AHD and SDK of the non-dominant arm in the scapular and frontal plane of movement.
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    Gender Differences in Lower Extremity Kinematics throughout Various Stages of a 5K Run
    (North Dakota State University, 2017) Rye, Rebekah
    Running has been a popular sport because of convenience and health benefits. Fatigue among recreational runners may alter running mechanics, thereby increasing the risk for injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in lower extremity biomechanics throughout a 3.1 mile (5K) run. Ten male and ten female participants wore reflective markers to capture contralateral pelvic drop, knee adduction, knee abduction, and hip adduction. Participants ran 3.1 miles (5K) on a treadmill at a self-determined pace. A two-way, repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to capture the within-subject data across time and between-subject comparing differences in gender. Females had significantly greater contralateral pelvic drop but it did not change over time. Knee abduction angles significantly declined over the five observations. Gender differences and effects of distance can alter the biomechanics in recreational runners. More research is needed to identify predisposing factors to the development of chronic running injuries.
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    Using Electronic Handgrip Dynamometry to Determine Human Performance in Master's Aged Cyclists and Triathletes
    (North Dakota State University, 2022) Klawitter, Lukus
    Purpose: This dissertation study sought to examine the correlations of maximal handgrip strength (HGS), rate of HGS force development, and HGS fatigability on lean body mass, peak power, functional threshold power, and aerobic capacity in master’s aged cyclists and triathletes. Methods: A cross-sectional design was utilized and the analytic sample included n=31 master’s aged cyclists and triathletes (age: 49.1±10.4 years). Achievement motivation was self-reported with a Situational Motivation Scale Questionnaire. A stationary bicycle trainer and metabolic cart was used to evaluate peak power and aerobic capacity with standardized protocols. Whole body bioelectrical impedance measured lean body mass. An electronic handgrip dynamometer examined maximal HGS, rate of HGS force development, and HGS fatigability. Results: Maximal HGS was moderately correlated with peak power (r=0.46; p<0.01), lean body mass was moderately correlated with peak power (r=0.48; p<0.01) and negligibly correlated with aerobic capacity (r=0.37; p=0.04). Rate of HGS force development was also moderately correlated with peak power (r=0.36; p=0.04). Maximal HGS was moderately correlated with rate of HGS force development (r=0.63; p<0.01). Moreover, after ranking the measures, maximal HGS was moderately correlated with peak power (r=0.40; p=0.02) and lean body mass was moderately correlated with peak power (r=0.50; p<0.01). Conclusions: The findings from this dissertation study suggests that maximal HGS and rate of HGS force development share a signal with peak power in master’s aged cyclists and triathletes. Further, increased lean body mass is related to greater peak power. Maximal HGS and rate of HGS force development show promise for being utilized in a single protocol as a correlate for peak power when exhaustive testing is not possible, and maintaining lean mass is also advised for human performance in older endurance athletes.