Microtopography is an important factor in hydrologic processes. The purpose of this research was to study the effects of microtopography on runoff generation. Specifically, this was performed through an array of physical experimentation comparing “rough” and “smooth” surfaces under natural and simulated rainfall. Utilizing these types of rainfalls required experimentation to take place in both field and laboratory settings. The range of control factors in this study varied from surface microtopography to soil type, rainfall intensity/pattern, and ambient moisture content. The recorded results of the laboratory study were further compared with the output of a puddle-to-puddle (P2P) overland flow model. The physical experiments showed a trend initially favoring neither the rough nor smooth surface in runoff production. However, in subsequent experiments the rough surface appeared to substantially increase runoff production relative to the smooth surface. Additionally, good agreement was found between the results of the physical experimentation and the model.