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dc.contributor.authorHassanijalilian, Oveis
dc.description.abstractIron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is the most common reason for chlorosis in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and causes an average yield loss of 120 million dollars per year across 1.8 million ha in the North Central US alone. As the most effective way to avoid IDC is the use of tolerant cultivars, they are visually rated for IDC by experts; however, this method is subjective and not feasible for a larger scale. An alternate more objective image processing method can be implemented in various platforms and fields. This approach relies on a color vegetation index (CVI) that can quantify chlorophyll, as chlorophyll content is a good IDC indicator. Therefore, this research is aimed at developing image processing methods at leaf, plot, and field scales with machine learning methods for chlorophyll and IDC measurement. This study also reviewed and synthesized the IDC measurement and management methods. Smartphone digital images with machine learning models successfully estimated the chlorophyll content of soybean leaves infield. Dark green color index (DGCI) was the best-correlated CVI with chlorophyll. The pixel count of four different ranges of DGCI (RPC) was used as input features for different models, and the support vector machine produced the highest performance. Handheld camera images of soybean plots extracted DGCI, which mimicked visual rating, and canopy size that were used as inputs to decision-tree based models for IDC classification. The AdaBoost model was the best model in classifying IDC severity. Unmanned aerial vehicle soybean IDC cultivar trial fields images extracted DGCI, canopy size, and their product (CDP) for IDC severity monitoring and yield prediction. The area under the curve (AUC) was employed to aggregate the data into a single value through time, and the correlation between all the features and yield was good. Although CDP at latest growth stage had the highest correlation with yield, AUC of CDP was the most consistent index for soybean yield prediction. This research demonstrated that digital image processing along with the machine learning methods can be successfully applied to the soybean IDC measurement and the various soybean related stakeholders can benefit from this research.en_US
dc.publisherNorth Dakota State Universityen_US
dc.rightsNDSU Policy 190.6.2
dc.titleSoybean Leaf Chlorophyll Estimation and Iron Deficiency Field Rating Determination at Plot and Field Scales Through Image Processing and Machine Learningen_US
dc.typeDissertationen_US
dc.typeVideoen_US
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-12T20:39:53Z
dc.date.available2021-05-12T20:39:53Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10365/31871
dc.subjectchlorophyllen_US
dc.subjectIDCen_US
dc.subjectimage processingen_US
dc.subjectiron deficiency chlorosisen_US
dc.subjectmachine learningen_US
dc.subjectsoybeanen_US
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5552-562X
dc.rights.urihttps://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/policy/190.pdf
ndsu.degreeDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)en_US
ndsu.collegeAgriculture, Food Systems and Natural Resourcesen_US
ndsu.departmentAgricultural and Biosystems Engineeringen_US
ndsu.programAgricultural and Biosystems Engineeringen_US
ndsu.advisorCannayen, Igathinathane


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