Phytic Acid Enriched Biobased Membranes for Lead Ion Removal From Water

Abstract

Pollution by heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), in bodies of water is a serious problem today that poses great risk to human health and the environment. In this study, cellulose-acetate (CA) based membranes were synthesized by immersion precipitation process, and commercially available CA membranes were modified by a layering method. Phytic acid (PA), a phosphorus rich compound known for its chelating properties, was doped into the membrane films to improve their efficiency in removing Pb (II) ions from water. As formulation additives, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), amine-functionalized cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and chitosan were used. Mechanical properties, and filtration efficiency of the resulting membranes as a function of PA content, PA incorporation method, and additive types were assessed. Synthesized membrane films containing CNC, and chitosan/ PA coated membrane films showed up to 60% and 90% removal of Pb (II) ions respectively from water.