An Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Covid-19: Epidemiology, Origin, and Pathology

Abstract

Following SARS (years 2002-2003) and MERS (year 2012) outbreaks, humans have faced a new highly contagious virus, SARS-COV-2, which began late 2019 and resulted in a pandemic (COVID-19 pandemic). The disease has been spread in at least 216 countries, areas, or territories, and infected over 22 million people. Although, the virus is categorized as a member of coronaviruses and is closely related to SARS-CoV (the virus which cause SARS), many aspects of the virus and its pathogenesis are still unknown. Considering the lack of any approved treatment or vaccine, gaining fundamental knowledge about the virus might pave the way toward discovering a safe and effective medicine or vaccine. Thus, in this review, we have collected the most recent information about the novel coronavirus epidemiology, origin, structure, and replication cycle. Additionally, COVID-19 immunopathology, pathology, and pathogenesis are discussed.