On the Origin of Modern Horse Breeds from Four Distinct Subspecies of Equus Caballus

Abstract

Although the evolution and domestication of the horse has been extensively studied, many mysteries remain. No other animal has been as influential on the development of human societies and cultures as the horse. Horses have been used for milk, meat transportation, riding, plowing, transportation of goods, and recreation. Over the course of the domestication of the horse, specific traits were selected for or against depending on the intended use of the animal. A variety of types of horses appeared in different regions of the world and it has been theorized that several indigenous subspecies of wild horses were used to create the modern domestic breeds that we know today. This paper provides evidence that four subspecies are the forerunners to today’s horse.