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Item An Evaluation of the Protective Action Decision Model using Data from a Train Derailment in Casselton, North Dakota(North Dakota State University, 2015) Savitt, AmandaThis study was designed to answer the questions: a) What factors affected peoples' decision to evacuate or not evacuate after a train derailment and explosion in Casselton, ND; and b) What factors affected the amount of time people took to evacuate? A survey was designed using criteria from literature on the Protective Action Decision Model, and administered by telephone. Results of the survey were examined with correlation analysis. Nine factors were found to be significantly correlated with the decision to evacuate and two variables were found to be significantly correlated with evacuation time. Implications of these findings are discussed.Item The Role of the County Emergency Manager in Disaster Mitigation(North Dakota State University, 2020) Savitt, AmandaScholarship on disasters in the United States would suggest that emergency managers should play a role in hazard mitigation. Yet, little empirical research has investigated precisely what role or roles emergency managers actually do play during this phase. This study explored the role of county-level emergency managers in hazard mitigation and the factors that might influence those roles. Data for this study was collected through 42 in-depth, telephone interviews with county- level emergency managers in FEMA Regions III, V, and X, which includes the Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, and Pacific Northwest regions of the United States. Grounded theory was utilized in order to organize and analyze the data. The data suggests that emergency managers play several roles within mitigation: a generic role, a support role, an administrative role, a promoter role, a public educator role, and a planning role. These roles are explained by a number of factors, including conceptual confusion, response and preparedness orientation, financial resource factors, planning factors, additional resource factors, competition between mitigation and development, resistance to mitigation, and engagement in mitigation. It is also important to note that emergency managers spend only a small amount of their time in mitigation. The results of this study suggest that there is a gap between the theorized role and the actual role that emergency managers play within mitigation. Closing this gap will likely require additional resources for mitigation and county-level emergency management, as well as greater consistency in defining mitigation through policy and education.