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Item Brucellosis Epidemiology, Virulence Factors, Control and Molecular Targets to Prevent Bacterial Infectious Diseases(North Dakota State University, 2012) Mugabi, RobertBrucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis that infects both professional phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells in the hosts. Brucella intracellular survival is important for its virulence. In a study to establish the seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in livestock in Kazo and Buremba sub-counties of Kiruhura district, Uganda, fifty goat and 112 bovine serum samples were tested for Brucella antibodies. The prevalence of Brucella antibodies in goats and cattle was 26.0% and 38.4% respectively, while individual seroprevalence rates by livestock breeds were 10.7% (cross-breed goats), 45.5% (local goat breeds), 49.1% (cross-breed cattle), 31.0% (local cattle breeds), and 17.4% (exotic cattle breeds) (p = 0.001). Sharing of watering points, using surface water for livestock, presence of wildlife on pasture, lack of vaccination was significantly correlated with Brucella seropositivity in livestock. The molecular study on biofilm in Escherichia coli included in this paper revealed that pflA knock out mutations had a significant effect on biofilm amounts when biofilms formed on D-serine and acetate. The ldhA formed generally high bacterial biofilm amounts on all carbon sources as compared to the wild type.Item Role of ArcB/ArcA in the Regulation of Biofilm Formation in Escherichia coli in Conjunction with F1hD Expression(North Dakota State University, 2014) Nessa, Laura ChristineThe two goals of this study were to identify the affect that arcB has on biofilm formation and to determine whether this was dependent on AckA. Acetyl phosphate is formed from acetyl-CoA during acetate metabolism and is degraded to acetate through the enzyme AckA. ArcB is the sensor kinase of the ArcB/ArcA two-component system involved in anaerobic metabolism [1]. Another important factor is the FlhD/FlhC global transcriptional regulator complex involved in regulating motility. The overall conclusion indicates acetyl phosphate has an effect on arcB only when both genes are nonfunctional as demonstrated by a lack of biofilm, increased motility, and increased flhD expression. To test the hypothesis, several experiments were performed including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), growth curves, motility assays, and a ß-galactosidase assay measuring flhD expression. The tests were performed using a parent Escherichia coli K-12 strain (AJW678) and mutants in ackA, arcB, and an ackA arcB double mutant.