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Subject: Virulence (Microbiology)

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    Evaluation of a Climate-Sensitive Disease Control Strategy and Investigation of Multi-drug Resistance in Infectious Bacterial Diseases: A US-Africa Experience
    (North Dakota State University, 2012) Mukiibi, Herbert
    This paper presents two research projects that explore avenues of controlling infectious diseases both in Africa and the United States. In Uganda, a retrospective study of Otuboi Sub County patient data to evaluate the impact of Stamp Out Sleeping sickness (SOS) intervention was performed. Polymerase Chain Reaction to detect the conjugatively transferred virulence factors from MDR E. coli to Salmonella was performed in North Dakota. Human African Trypanosomiasis prevalence was significantly reduced at intervention year (2006) compared to the pre-intervention years; 2004 (P = 0.00024) and 2005 (P = 0.000001). Of the 22 screened virulence factor genes, eight genes were PCR detected in MDR E. coli 2077 isolate. Six of the detected genes were found to be received by Salmonella transconjugates. The protective effect of SOS intervention was sustained for only two years (2007 and 2008) post intervention. MDR E.coli 2077 isolate conjugatively transferred its virulence factors to Salmonella strains.
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    Brucellosis Epidemiology, Virulence Factors, Control and Molecular Targets to Prevent Bacterial Infectious Diseases
    (North Dakota State University, 2012) Mugabi, Robert
    Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis that infects both professional phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells in the hosts. Brucella intracellular survival is important for its virulence. In a study to establish the seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in livestock in Kazo and Buremba sub-counties of Kiruhura district, Uganda, fifty goat and 112 bovine serum samples were tested for Brucella antibodies. The prevalence of Brucella antibodies in goats and cattle was 26.0% and 38.4% respectively, while individual seroprevalence rates by livestock breeds were 10.7% (cross-breed goats), 45.5% (local goat breeds), 49.1% (cross-breed cattle), 31.0% (local cattle breeds), and 17.4% (exotic cattle breeds) (p = 0.001). Sharing of watering points, using surface water for livestock, presence of wildlife on pasture, lack of vaccination was significantly correlated with Brucella seropositivity in livestock. The molecular study on biofilm in Escherichia coli included in this paper revealed that pflA knock out mutations had a significant effect on biofilm amounts when biofilms formed on D-serine and acetate. The ldhA formed generally high bacterial biofilm amounts on all carbon sources as compared to the wild type.