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Item Nutritional Insecurity Among College Students on a Midwest Campus(North Dakota State University, 2021) Hendricks, Stephanie LeeCollege students experience nutritional insecurity at higher rates when compared to the general public. Compounding social, financial, community, and policy barriers limit the ability of college students to access healthy, palatable foods in adequate amounts for an active lifestyle. Recent literature, national societies, and healthcare entities have begun to highlight this concerning public health issue, yet literature has not fully explored or agreed upon the specific causes, exact prevalence, and implications of having limited food availability. Additionally, a greater understanding and awareness of this social determinant of health is required to facilitate and identify health promotion needs among this population for nurse practitioners and healthcare providers. The purpose of this project was to examine the prevalence and associated risk factors for nutritional insecurity among the college student population. The project also aimed to provide recommendations to the university and healthcare communities for improving access to food in order to facilitate improved health outcomes for these individuals. Quantitative survey questions including demographics and a validated nutritional insecurity survey, as well as qualitative, open-ended survey questions regarding personal barriers and the pandemic were distributed to all students who took classes through the university in the Fall 2020 semester. Six hundred forty-five students completed the survey; 539 responses were utilized for analysis following completion review. The nutritional insecurity prevalence rate among this university was 19.85%. Risk factors associated with nutritional insecurity appeared to be enrollment in an upper-grade level, living off-campus, not purchasing a meal plan, low-income status, part-time employment, and being of Black or African American or Asian ethnicity. Lower grade point average and poorer physical and mental health outcomes appeared to correlate with high nutritional insecurity scores. Multiple barriers to accessing food were identified including financial, transportation, knowledge, healthy options, storage, and preparation limitations. Pandemic effects and societal beliefs and policies also appeared to have negative consequences to accessing healthy food. Study findings highlight the significant educational, physical and mental health implications college students face when experiencing nutritional insecurity. Campus, healthcare, and community personnel should recognize the increased risk and negative outcomes of nutritional insecurity among college students.Item Assessing Burnout and Resiliency Among Nurse Practitioners(North Dakota State University, 2021) Sogard, Kezia ReneaThe topic of burnout among medical doctors (MDs) has depicted a strong correlation to MD education and career with burnout, ultimately causing negative psychological and physical outcomes. Research has shown that resilience is a concept that has often been associated with MD ability to respond to stress and decrease burnout. Beyond MDs, the population of nurse practitioners (NPs) has been minimally researched in relation to burnout. NPs are at heightened risk of burnout, comparable to MDs, in relation to rigorous education requirements, large workloads, long work hours, rising demands of documentation, and increased technological advances within health care. The purpose of this PIP was to explore the prevalence of burnout and resiliency in correlation with demographic risk factors in practicing NPs who attended the NDNPA conference in fall 2020 in order to initiate education and practice recommendations. Survey questions regarding coping mechanisms, demographic risk factors, and validated tools for resilience and burnout were administered to practicing NPs during the virtual conference. Forty-four NPs completed the survey. Scores reflected moderate to high levels of burnout within the sample. Resilience was mildly below the national average. Lower burnout among those working in team settings was found to be statistically significant. NPs working on productivity-based pay had the highest levels of resilience. Participants who utilized more coping mechanisms had higher resilience scores. Data did not find a significant relationship between burnout and resilience. Study findings support the recommendation for larger, longitudinal research, perhaps more focused on burnout and organizational influence(s) to better understand the topic. The findings from this study are supportive of recent literature regarding MDs, which suggests that resilience is not the sole answer to addressing burnout. Other recommendations include NPs reviewing the newest research on burnout and the psychological impact certain specialties can entail. Healthcare organizations can consider increasing team-based work environments, as well as advising NPs to apply to team-based positions. Using multiple coping mechanisms is suggested to develop higher levels of resilience, as the concept of resilience likely remains a beneficial quality.Item Workplace Violence in Healthcare: "Not Just Part of the Job"(North Dakota State University, 2021) Jostad, Lisa MarieWorkplace violence in healthcare is a widespread issue that many healthcare providers accept as “just part of the job.” According to Occupational and Safety Health Administration, in 2002 to 2013 incidents of serious workplace violence (those requiring days off for the injured worker to recuperate) were 4 times more likely in healthcare than in any other industry (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2017). The aim of this study was to examine the experiences, beliefs, and knowledge among North Dakota nurse practitioners by administering a survey about workplace violence in their practice. Using the data obtained by this survey an educational opportunity about workplace violence was developed and offered to nurse practitioners and other healthcare professionals. The purpose of this practice improvement project was to improve healthcare professionals’ knowledge and confidence in the recognition, prevention, and response to workplace violence in their healthcare practice. Experiences of workplace violence can have lasting emotional, psychological, and physical effects on the victims. Increasing awareness and education among healthcare providers about workplace violence can help alleviate the negative effects felt by those who have these experiences. Healthcare professionals who feel safe and supported in their work environment can provide safer, higher quality care to their patients. Decreasing workplace violence in healthcare benefits everyone and violence is not something that should be considered “part of the job” (Fredrick, 2014).