Skoy, Elizabeth T.Eukel, Heidi N.Frenzel, Jeanne Elizabeth2021-09-022021-09-022013Skoy, E. T., Eukel, H. N., & Frenzel, J. E. (2013). Comparison of low- and higher-fidelity simulation to train and assess pharmacy students' injection technique. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 77(2), 33. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe77233https://hdl.handle.net/10365/32070Objective. To evaluate 2 forms of simulation used to train and assess third-year pharmacy students’ subcutaneous and intramuscular injection techniques.Design. A cross-over comparison was used to evaluate an injection pad vs a patient simulator injection arm to train students in injection administration.Assessment. Students completed a survey instrument rating their proficiency, confidence, and anxiety before and after each form of simulated practice. All students demonstrated competence to administer an injection to a peer after using both forms of simulation. Students’ self-ratings of proficiency and confidence improved and anxiety decreased after practicing injections with both forms of simulation. The only significant difference in performance seen between students who used the 2 types of simulations was in students who first practiced with the injection pad followed by the injection arm.Conclusion. Student ability to administer an injection and their self-perceived levels of confidence, proficiency, and anxiety were not dependent on the type of simulation training used.en-USIn copyright. Permission to make this version available has been granted by the author and publisher.http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/Simulation.Simulator.Vaccination.Immunization.Injection.Article0000-0002-2386-55200000-0002-5005-58810000-0003-2817-1699