Freeman, Pierre Albert2013-06-042013-06-042012https://hdl.handle.net/10365/22945This paper examines literature from various disciplines contributing to the objective of saving lives and reducing damages from tornadoes. Specific topics include changes in tornado incidence, the genesis of tornadoes, and alterations in geographical distributions of tornadoes. I also review data on damages, casualties and deaths along with associated housing type vulnerability and atypical nocturnal tornado events. Literature associated with predictions including historical data and forecasting is addressed. Further data was presented regarding false alarms, warnings, watches and response behavior. Finally, mitigation issues regarding policy and planning, building practices and sheltering is reviewed. While reviewing the data, several contradictions were found regarding density, lead time expectations, vehicular use and actual increases in events and damages. Perception of risk may be dependent on factors of cultural geography and societal memory. Improved understanding of warning times, effective education, outreach and removing the human factor in tornadoes are points that need further study.NDSU Policy 190.6.2https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/policy/190.pdfEmergency management -- United States -- PlanningTornadoes -- United States -- Safety measuresTornado warning systems -- United StatesTornadoes -- United States -- ForecastingTornado damage -- United StatesMaster's paper