Architecture - Research Studio

Permanent URI for this collectionhdl:10365/32206

The Architectural Research Studio is a viable curricular offering in a professional, graduate, accredited curriculum in Architecture. It provides the benefits of boosting research productivity in a department, strengthening ties with architectural firms that have an alumni presence, providing career networking opportunities for graduate students, generating valuable intellectual property, fostering research careers, and adding to the knowledge base of the Architecture profession. The all-around benefits far outweigh the challenges that have to be overcome in offering this studio.

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Creating a Decision Making Tool: How to Decide if One Will Benefit from a Green Roof
(North Dakota State University, 2010) Kleist, Lane
Why is it necessary to provide a decision making model? Why do we feel the need to make rational decisions? The major goal in researching this topic is to provide data which architects can use to illustrate to their clients the most logical decision for the given instance. Rather than a client making important decisions based on hear-say evidence, information can be gathered to create a decision making guide, which will point to a clearly prominent solution.
Integrated Building Information Modeling Using Off-the-Shelf Software Components: Using Revit, e-Specs and Microsoft Project for Integrated BIM
(North Dakota State University, 2010) Frick, Benjamin
This paper examines how a piece of software, Autodesk Revit Architecture 2011, can be used to create an integrated information model for any project using BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology. With the help of e-SPECS for Revit, specifications can be written with a simple add-on to a Revit interface. This leads to great possibilities and proves further that BIM software, in this case, Revit Architecture, is capable of more than just 3D modeling and producing project documents. This could change the way architects do specifications and cost estimating. For the purposes of this research, a demo project was used to show how any project can be updated with cost and assembly code data and produce cost and specification information. Another component Revit has to offer is its ability to create schedules. After creating a schedule (walls, doors, windows etc.), it is simple to add or subtract information. Once finished, these schedules produced can easily be tied in with Microsoft Excel to create a more attractive looking table. You can also add or edit information that Revit wouldn't allow you to do (construction phasing, cost per square foot, etc.). To take it a step further, Microsoft Project can be introduced to formulate project/construction management information (Gantt charts, calendars, network diagrams, task forms, timelines, etc.). This could be broken down by phases of construction and give the Architecture firm and contractor the ability to calculate cost more effectively as a project moves from phase to phase. From there on, it's up to the firm on where they want to take the next step, there are no limits to the capabilities of BIM technology.
Empirical Analysis of Behavior in Architectural Settings: Using Dartfish and JMP Software to Measure Movement
(North Dakota State University, 2010) Brunik, Laura
Understanding whether the mere sight of architecture can create behavioral responses or not is critical to an architect. If an architect knows what intentional response they want from the inhabitants of their design, then they could decide from a variety of design options depending on the sensory responses for each type of space. The strategy to finding out if architecture can influence behavior is to assess how the users actually respond and behave in particular environments. Sensory responses generally involve color, odor, illumination, vibration, etc. and are usually learned responses based on culture. In this context, the philosophical framework for research is simply empirical. The research analysis is done to determine if there is a relationship between space and how it may influence a person's energy and activity level. Studying children in their childcare center is a good proposition because children are sill adapting to culture and we can get to the root of behavioral responses. Eventually the information found will be used in a thesis as a tool to evaluate whether architecture can assist in a multi purpose health and wellness living center. This center will promote spiritual wellness as well as losing weight and maintaining health.
Algorithms for Calculating a Building’s Waste
(North Dakota State University, 2010) Olson, Drew
This paper examines the amount of waste or unutilized material a particular design will produce. This is being analyzed by the author through the investigation and use of multiple software systems. The ideal intent is the creation of such a program that will be able to inform the designer of the waste his or her particular design is going to be producing with a real time report. This product could then be implemented into BIM programs such as Revit by Autodesk or any other DXF file formatted software.
A Grid-based Space: Cognitive Mapping in Fargo, North Dakota
(North Dakota State University, 2010) Jacot, Andrew
We all navigate the city. We give directions to strangers and friends. We sketch out maps on bar napkins and the backs of our hands. Addresses are scribbled in margins or printed distinctly at the top of letterhead. These documentations of urban spaces tell not only of specific directions within space, but also of how we perceive the space around us. In the midwest, specifically Fargo North Dakota, the documentation users create of spaces exemplifies a grid-based perception of the urban environment.
The Optimal Humanitarian Aid Shelter
(North Dakota State University, 2010) Corniea, Nickolaus
Disasters, both man-made and natural, put a strain on local environments. The best way to handle such a situation is to be prepared for it. A good example of not being prepared for a situation would have to be with Hurricane Katrina and more recently the earthquake in Haiti. The unfortunate thing is that planning for disasters involves a learning curve. It is a very reactive process of learning from our mistakes. To decrease the number of mistakes that are made careful thought and planning are crucial steps. This research paper has sought out the optimal shelter for humanitarian aid purposes. Housing people in a disaster provides some of the security that the victims had in their homes. It is important that this is done quickly. Several case studies were done on a variety of shelters designed for humanitarian aid relief. This study asks the question: what is the best tent?
Constructs of Operable Architecture: Climate Optimization by Volumetric Adjustment
(North Dakota State University, 2010) Hillukka, Daniel
This research focuses primarily on the functionality of software, specifically Rhinoceros (McNeel & Assoc.) and a few associated PlugIns (Grasshopper, Rhino Assembly, RhinoParametrics), to create and control a model to study the effects of modulation of space. Has technology been completely utilized in addressing comfort maintenance within a dwelling space? Historically abilities to influence temperature change within a space have been relegated to passive systems and more recently completely active means of control. Technological advances have raised significant questions towards methods and means for this control. Through use of 3D models and simulations the topic of climate maintenance in spatial conditions were addressed using environmental controls. Thus modulation of the climate as well as the space could simultaneously occur to create a radically different space of habitation.
The Language of BIM: Industry Foundation Classes for the Reduction of Construction Time
(North Dakota State University, 2013) Weiss, Matthew
Industry Foundation Classes, or IFCs for short, exist for the safe transfer of digital building information between professions. The language of IFC has been prevalent between some architectural firms and their corresponding engineering firms since the inception of BIM (Building Information Modeling). The transfer of this IFC data between persons, programs, and business systems has allowed for a much-enhanced project delivery, resulting in less waste, less frustration, less money spent, and consequently less construction time. However, as it is, only few firms utilize BIM technology, and fewer understand and/or utilize Industry Foundation Classes. Though there is relatively clear dialogue between the designer and engineer via standardized technology, there is much dissonance between 'architecture language' and 'contractor language'. This paper provides analysis into the topic of Industry Foundation Classes as the interoperable language between architect and contractor, and how IFCs can be utilized effectively by both architect and general contractor in creating a smarter construction schedule, thereby reducing construction time. It aims at providing hope for the dissemination of this knowledge to all professions involved in the building trades, and for better communication of information between architect and contractor.
Green Building: The Integration of LEED v2009 Criteria in the BIM Environment
(North Dakota State University, 2013) Lawman, Jakob
Building Information Modeling, or BIM, is the best way to manage every aspect of a building project. The only aspect that is missing is sustainability. While it may be apparent, it is not easily managed my most programs under the BIM envelope. LEED is the prominent resource for managing sustainable criteria for a building project, with incentive to award a building certification for being green. There is currently no easy or well-defined way to incorporate LEED criteria with the BIM environment. This research explores the fusion of LEED and BIM using Autodesk Revit as the central management system for a building project. The core methods in this fusion include creating a LEED template for Revit to manage supplementary documentation and using Revit parameters to define critical green building criteria for a project.
The Potentials of BIM: Communication, Coordination, and Collaboration
(North Dakota State University, 2013) Muckenhirn, Josh
The goal of this study is ultimately to discover and document various methodologies for integrating and linking numerous documents to one 3D Model. Through this investigation, I hope to successfully document, step-by-step, how such integrations can be implemented and utilized to increase the efficiency of BIM modeling. Virtual 3D modeling is no longer sufficient for the Architecture and Construction industries. Project members and owners are demanding a more cohesive methodology for communicating throughout the design and construction processes, and even into post-project occupancy. Throughout the design and construction of a project, there are numerous models each illustrating a different system within the building such as an Architectural model, a Mechanical model, a Structural model, and so on. Having separate models can hinder the construction process by slowing down communication between offices. With holistic BIM modeling, the communication process can be revitalized and revolutionized by merging all models into one cohesive and integrated model with access to all necessary documents and information used both during the construction process, and after the building has been completed.
Implications of Modifications to the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) and ASHRAE Standard 90.1 in the Upper Midwestern United States
(North Dakota State University, 2013) Fagerland, Leah
Modifications to the standards stated by International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) and ASHRAE Standard 90.1 are ongoing in response to growing performance expectations beyond the construction industry. As these standards are increasingly stringent, clients are often concerned primarily with cost constraints over energy performance. Can the mere substitution of one rigid insulation type for another pay for itself? Research compiled within this study sought to clearly and conveniently compile basic performance and necessary standards as they pertain to building envelope design, as well as a brief comparison of potential insulation types for professional reference in a manner that is easily accessible.
Collaboration in Higher Education: Behavior Observation Informing Space Arrangement
(North Dakota State University, 2013) Dunham, Matthew Robert
What role does architecture and interior spatial arrangements play in facilitating spontaneous or arranged collaboration in higher education? This project involves identifying the architectural characteristics of spaces that facilitate collaboration in higher education, including deriving the spatial organization and circulation patterns that facilitate collaboration, and the simulation of collaborative environments. With today's use of integrated technology limiting face-to-face collaboration, a study was conducted to map conditions that stimulate collaboration in on-campus buildings. Behavioral observation was conducted at four strategic academic buildings on the North Dakota State University campus, each representing a unique case study in collaboration. Perceptions of how students, staff, and guests use different academic spaces were studied by tracking and monitoring multiple criteria. Results from the local study support current literature suggesting that students demand more collaboration within the classroom and on campus than the need or use of technology; supporting higher education's demand for technology integration may be wrongly allocated, as students today seek less technology and more face time while on campus. Research was commissioned to better inform a new Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) building being built on the NDSU campus, in the anticipation that this would be a high performance building and promote collaboration.
Spatial Arrangements in Surgery Centers and Clinics: A Simulation Approach
(North Dakota State University, 2014) Bednar, Greg
The goal of the research position was to use AnyLogic, a process modeling software, to model and simulate ambulatory care facilities. Using different metrics such as employee utilization, employee walking distances, room utilization, patient waking distances and wait times, the spatial arrangement of the ambulatory care facilities could be analyzed and adjusted accordingly to improve the characteristics of the room.
Flexibility in Modern Office Environments
(North Dakota State University, 2014) Schrader, Alex
The way people work, the way the want to work, the environments they work in, and the people working are changing every day. Historical trends have seen preemptive assumptions about the future of workplace design, leading to too-specialized environments that locked facilities into a certain mode of work and thought. Today's mainstream workplace philosophy favors preparedness for the unpredictable future. By exploring the means in which office designers and facility managers are preparing for the unknown, one can gain insight about the available technologies that promote flexible design and the issues that inspire flexible design techniques and elements.
Groat Point Residence Energy Analysis Research
(North Dakota State University, 2014) Watters, Jennifer
The purpose of this research project was to perform energy analysis of the Groat Point project, provided by Kristi Hanson Architects. I will first give a description of my research methodology, then I will share my week-by-week research process, and finally I will share my research findings.
Wind Study
(North Dakota State University, 2014) Klindworth, Amy
Wind and snow are two factors which have the ability to heavily impact a building. Understanding how these forces act upon and interact with the building and site help designers respond to the conditions and prevent unnecessary damage. Through the use of computer simulations, real-world weather situations are able to be imitated and the responses analyzed, without the need for them to actually occur. While analysis of buildings can be done prior to construction for the prevention of possible problems, other unexpected issues may arise upon the completion of a project. Simulation scenarios allow for existing problems to be studied and for solutions to be found, as occurred with this research project.
Participatory Design | Public Private Partnerships | Crowdfunding: Creative Financing Solutions for the Modern World of Architecture
(North Dakota State University, 2015) Gram, Ryan
The process of an architectural project has long followed the same lineage. - Site selection - Financing - Programming - Design - Construction - Maintenance - Post-Occupancy Review. One of the biggest differences in Participatory Design, Public Private Partnerships or Crowdfunding is the involvement of the stakeholders and how that affects the delivery model. These types of creative financing for a building project can be service driven, profit driven or simply to find a solution to a complex problem. Many firms will participate in the 1% movement, vowing to donate 1% of their time to service projects for no profit. The primary goal of this project is to investigate and find that all of these delivery models can prove profitable for a firm so they can increase their participation in these types of projects. Each one of these delivery models can increase a firm's presence in their communities. Community engagement through Participatory Design, Public Private Partnerships or Crowdfunding, is a great way for a firm to give back, establish a presence and it is great PR. In a changing world, these delivery models will make a greater impression on the design field in the future. Does success and community acceptance of a project increase when the community members are engaged? Looking at projects of both top-bottom and bottom-top organization does the success change? Rather than telling a community what they are missing can the community itself help a design team understand what typology will benefit the community's needs? Engaging the community in decision making and in the design and construction itself historically shows greater project outcome.
The Relationship of the Space and the Sacred
(North Dakota State University, 2015) Vang, Hue
The word sacred brings to mind, a space that is holy and religious. Although in the current generation, sacred is not just about the holy and religious but more about the mental peace of the mind. A sacred space thrives to answer questions we cannot find in our normal lives. Some religious post positivist believe the scared sometimes cannot always be generalized as sacred by everyone. The idea that what is sacred is only unique and calls upon oneself under individualism. But in some way, through religious positivism maybe there is something, an element, a hierarchy, a sense of repetitious, a symbol that can produce a sense of sacredness. The answer of such arguments, may only be revealed by inductive reasoning with some type of simulation. The simulation of a designed enclosed space, where the user has no knowledge of the typology of the building, and tested to see how they feel in the space.
Examining Diverse Learning Spaces and Their Effect on Student Learning
(North Dakota State University, 2015) Ertl, Tyler
Education has been at the forefront of all cultures since the beginning of time. Its significance, often described and held to different standards throughout the world, has often relied on its instructors, setting, and facilities. As technology develops, its role in today's schools and educational facilities grows. Many of those schools do not have the facilities to keep up with the ever-changing technologies that the instructors must use to stay relevant. This research provides architectural solutions to the shifting needs of today's learning from traditional to 21st Century environments. Educational spaces that inhibit features conducive to student learning that are also engaging for those students can bridge even the largest of cultural gaps. Research investigates and analyzes which learning methods are successful and precedents that demonstrate them. It also examines architectural layouts that best support this variety of instruction methods.
Urban Design Assessment Using Modern Technology
(North Dakota State University, 2015) Harnisch, Tyler
Throughout the past century communities have been constantly evolving. From the basic design concepts of the Wild West, limited facilities or buildings centralized for easy access, all the way to the Urban sprawl that we are currently trying remedy, due to increased cost of resources and land development. New Urbanism was a concept that rose in the early 1980's that specifically targeted the idea of being able to access multiple facilities and needs by simply walking, instead of organizing and designing cities based off of the automobile. Without even thinking about it the main objective of New Urbanism was to minimize the use of natural resources and the depletion of usable space. By incorporating basic design ideals of New Urbanism, such as smart growth, environmentalism, and regionalism we would be able to take efficient city and community development to the stage of city evolution if we would include passive design principles. The idea of walkable cities was to create an environment that did not revolve around the automobile, which in fact leads to the idea of sustainable design in a very simple sense. By collecting data and research we can correlate smart design with sustainable principles. By utilizing state of the art software and technology we can create a one to one correlative study that can pinpoint the effects that wind studies, solar gains, passive orientation, internal cooling strategies and other passive concepts actually have on an environmental system the size of a community instead of just looking at spaces and buildings as individual pieces, but now investigate the community as a whole.

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