Microbiological Sciences Masters Papers

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Browsing Microbiological Sciences Masters Papers by browse.metadata.program "Microbiology"

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    A Brief Overview of Lung Disease Caused by Environmental Microorganisms, Aspergillus Fumigatus and Saccharopolyspora Rectivirgula
    (North Dakota State University, 2020) Berry, Missy Ann
    People often take breathing and respiratory health for granted, but our lungs are constantly inundated with damaging agents, making them highly vulnerable to injury and infection. Globally, respiratory diseases are a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and disability. Many respiratory diseases are preventable; however, avoidance of ubiquitous microorganisms is not realistic. The aim of this paper is to discuss how two environmental microorganisms, Aspergillus fumigatus and Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula, affect cellular activity and cause lung disease. Prevention, control, and cure of respiratory disease is the ultimate goal and understanding the mechanisms of disease progression is the first step.
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    Current Status of the Biology, Pathogenesis, and Impacts of Ebola Virus
    (North Dakota State University, 2021) Alamri, Dalal
    Ebola viruses (EV) are single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses belonging to the Filoviridae family. There are 6 species of Ebola, and four of them can cause Ebola virus disease (EVD) in humans. Ebola viral hemorrhagic fever is one of the deadliest diseases known to infect humans and non-human primates. The primary mode of transmission of Ebola has been identified as direct contact with infected animals, humans and body fluids. The early diagnosis of EVD is difficult because of similarities of the initial disease presentation to influenza-like symptoms such as high fever, myalgia, fatigue, headache, and chills. The most common symptoms that have been reported from previous outbreaks were fever, sore throat, abdominal pain, vomiting, bleeding, diarrhea, and chest pain. Several methods have been used to detect Ebola such as ELISA, conventional RT-PCR, and real-time RT-PCR. Scientists have been working on several therapeutics and vaccines to prevent and treat Ebola.
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    The Decomposition Ecology and Microbial Forensics of the Postmortem Microbiome
    (North Dakota State University, 2021) Ewald, Adam Patrick
    Every living organism dies and is decomposed into nutrients and by-products. This is lead initially by the normal flora of the newly deceased host. The postmortem microbiome, so-called “necrobiome”, undergoes temporal changes affected by the environment in the carcass. The increased data on the necrobiome is fueled by recent advances in genome sequencing analysis techniques. Metagenome sequencing analyzes temporal changes in a population. Genotypic information elucidates identity, structural, and functional traits across a biome. Initially, the necrobiome is composed of taxa common to the living tissue. As decomposition progresses, new and unique taxa emerge. Those suited for growth in the specific environment become dominant. Alpha diversity, beta diversity, and community traits are used to analyze the necrobiome. The necrobiome has potential for forensic evidence predictions. This review covers the succession of the necrobiome specific to body location, their effect on the decomposing carcass, and potential forensics uses of the necrobiome.
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    An Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Covid-19: Epidemiology, Origin, and Pathology
    (North Dakota State University, 2020) Sedigh, Abbas
    Following SARS (years 2002-2003) and MERS (year 2012) outbreaks, humans have faced a new highly contagious virus, SARS-COV-2, which began late 2019 and resulted in a pandemic (COVID-19 pandemic). The disease has been spread in at least 216 countries, areas, or territories, and infected over 22 million people. Although, the virus is categorized as a member of coronaviruses and is closely related to SARS-CoV (the virus which cause SARS), many aspects of the virus and its pathogenesis are still unknown. Considering the lack of any approved treatment or vaccine, gaining fundamental knowledge about the virus might pave the way toward discovering a safe and effective medicine or vaccine. Thus, in this review, we have collected the most recent information about the novel coronavirus epidemiology, origin, structure, and replication cycle. Additionally, COVID-19 immunopathology, pathology, and pathogenesis are discussed.
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    Role of ArcB/ArcA in the Regulation of Biofilm Formation in Escherichia coli in Conjunction with F1hD Expression
    (North Dakota State University, 2014) Nessa, Laura Christine
    The two goals of this study were to identify the affect that arcB has on biofilm formation and to determine whether this was dependent on AckA. Acetyl phosphate is formed from acetyl-CoA during acetate metabolism and is degraded to acetate through the enzyme AckA. ArcB is the sensor kinase of the ArcB/ArcA two-component system involved in anaerobic metabolism [1]. Another important factor is the FlhD/FlhC global transcriptional regulator complex involved in regulating motility. The overall conclusion indicates acetyl phosphate has an effect on arcB only when both genes are nonfunctional as demonstrated by a lack of biofilm, increased motility, and increased flhD expression. To test the hypothesis, several experiments were performed including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), growth curves, motility assays, and a ß-galactosidase assay measuring flhD expression. The tests were performed using a parent Escherichia coli K-12 strain (AJW678) and mutants in ackA, arcB, and an ackA arcB double mutant.