Elias M. Elias
Permanent URI for this communityhdl:10365/32113
2012 University Distinguished Professor (UDP) | Plant Sciences
https://www.ndsu.edu/agriculture/ag-home/directory/elias-elias
https://www.ndsu.edu/agriculture/ag-home/directory/elias-elias
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Item Agronomic Practices that Impact Grain Quality Factors of Durum Wheat (Triticum Turgidum L. Var. Durum Desf.)(North Dakota State University, 2016) Forster, Shana M.Durum wheat is a type of wheat primarily used for pasta production. North Dakota is the leading producer of durum wheat in the US with average yields of 2700 kg ha-1. Durum wheat price discounts are common and occur due to disease, heavy metal contamination, and environmental issues that impact grain quality. Studies were conducted in order to determine how agronomic approaches might impact durum quality. Experiments were conducted in order to determine what impact planting date, cultivar, and seeding rate had on the agronomic performance and quality of end-use traits. In general, a delay in planting date resulted in a significant decrease in yield and test weight for all cultivars. Cultivars differed for many of the end-use traits evaluated such as protein content, falling number, and vitreous kernel. Seeding rate had little impact on the traits evaluated. No combination of planting date and cultivar was identified that consistently resulted in grain marketed as US Grade 1 hard amber durum (HAD), or ‘choice durum’. Cultivar selection remains the best option for maintaining end-use traits. The effect of Zn fertilizer source and placement on grain Cd were evaluated. Treatments evaluated had no negative impact on grain yield or test weight. The foliar application of 1.1 kg Zn ha-1 Zn-EDTA in combination with 33 kg N ha-1 in the form of UAN applied at Feekes 10 growth stage (boot stage) resulted in the lowest grain Cd, and highest grain Zn, Fe and protein and represents an approach of biofortification for durum wheat.Item Analysis and Identification of QTL for Resistance to Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)(North Dakota State University, 2018) Ashtari Mahini, RahilWhite mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorumi s one of the most devastating diseases infecting field pea (Pisum sativum L.) which causes severe yield loss worldwide. Population 17 (Lifter/ PI240515), and Population 19 (PI169603/ Medora) were developed by single seed descent and screened by greenhouse evaluation and detached stem assay to identify potential sources of white mold resistance. Twenty-two partial resistant inbred lines were identified with short internode which met at least two resistance criteria based on lesion expansion inhibition (LEI) and nodal transmission inhibition (NTI). To find SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) responsible for white mold resistance, Populations 17 and 19 were genotyped using GBS (genotyping by sequencing) methodology and analyzed with the GBS-SNP-CROP pipeline. Linkage maps were constructed for each population and a composite map based on shared SNPs between the two populations was also generated. Nineteen QTL were identified as contributing to resistance to white mold. Seventeen were associated with LEI and two were associated with NTI. The QTL responsible for lesion expansion on LG VII were duplicated in the short internode subset of both populations. Partially resistant inbred lines and QTL responsible for white mold resistance identified in this study can be useful as resources for resistance to S. sclerotiorum in further experiments aimed at developing resistant cultivars.Item Association Mapping and Genetic Diversity Studies of Agronomic and Quality Traits in Durum Wheat [Triticum turgidum L. var. durum (Desf.)](North Dakota State University, 2017) Johnson, MarinaGenetic diversity studies in breeding programs are important to identify parental lines for hybridization and introgression of desirable alleles into elite germplasm. The genetic diversity analysis of 283 North Dakota State University (NDSU) advanced durum wheat breeding lines developed during the last 20 years indicated that the population was structured according to its breeding history. Total genetic diversity analysis (HT = 0.334) showed adequate level of genetic variation. The results will help in breeding efforts to broaden the genetic base and select lines for crossing as well as for genetic and genomic studies to facilitate the combination of desirable alleles. The quantitative nature of important target traits, combined with environmental effects, makes it difficult to bring the desirable improvement in durum wheat to meet the expectations of all the stakeholders involved in the durum wheat industry. With an objective to identify molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding (MAB), the present study attempted to identify marker-trait associations for six agronomic and 29 quality traits using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) mapping approach. The study used two types of phenotypic datasets, a historic unbalanced dataset belonging to a total of 80 environments collected over a period of 16 years and a balanced dataset collected from two environments, to identify the applicability of historic unbalanced phenotypic data for GWAS analysis. A total of 292 QTL were identified for agronomic and quality traits, with 10 QTL showing major effects (R2 >15%). Over 45% of QTL for agronomic and quality traits were present in both the unbalanced and balanced datasets, with about 50% of those present in both environments in the balanced dataset. Genome-wide association mapping studies identified several candidate markers for use in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for height, gluten strength, distribution of small kernels, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and yield.Item Association Studies on Pre-Germination Flooding Tolerance and Cell Wall Components Related to Plant Architecture in Dry Bean(North Dakota State University, 2018) Walter, KatelynnDry bean breeding programs have made significant advances in combating both abiotic and biotic stresses as well as improving plant architectural traits via selective breeding. Flooding can cause complete crop loss in dry bean. On the other hand, breeding for an upright architecture in dry bean has been a breeding target in several programs. However, the stem cell wall components underlying this change have yet to be studied. This research focused on analyzing the cell wall components that might be involved in dry bean architecture as well as pre-germination flooding tolerance in dry bean. For the plant architecture study, two significant genomic regions were identified on Pv07 and Pv08 associated with lignin accumulation in dry bean. For the pre-germination flooding study, one unpigmented seed coat genotype (Verano) and three pigmented seed coat genotypes (Indeterminate Jamaica Red, Durango, and Midnight) had germination rates similar to that of the tolerant check.Item Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 1998-1999(North Dakota State University, 1999) North Dakota State University. Department of Plant SciencesNewsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.Item Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 1999-2000(North Dakota State University, 2000) North Dakota State University. Department of Plant SciencesNewsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.Item Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2000-2001(North Dakota State University, 2001) North Dakota State University. Department of Plant SciencesNewsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.Item Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2001-2002(North Dakota State University, 2002) North Dakota State University. Department of Plant SciencesNewsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.Item Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2003-2004(North Dakota State University, 2004) North Dakota State University. Department of Plant SciencesNewsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.Item Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2005-2006(North Dakota State University, 2006) North Dakota State University. Department of Plant SciencesNewsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.Item Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2006-2007(North Dakota State University, 2007) North Dakota State University. Department of Plant SciencesNewsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.Item Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2008-[2009](North Dakota State University, 2009) North Dakota State University. Department of Plant SciencesNewsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.Item Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2009-2010(North Dakota State University, 2010) North Dakota State University. Department of Plant SciencesNewsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.Item Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2011(North Dakota State University, 2012) North Dakota State University. Department of Plant SciencesNewsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.Item Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2012(North Dakota State University, 2013) North Dakota State University. Department of Plant SciencesNewsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.Item Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2013(North Dakota State University, 2014) North Dakota State University. Department of Plant SciencesNewsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.Item Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2014(North Dakota State University, 2015) North Dakota State University. Department of Plant SciencesNewsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.Item Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2015(North Dakota State University, 2016) North Dakota State University. Department of Plant SciencesNewsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.Item Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2016(North Dakota State University, 2017) North Dakota State University. Department of Plant SciencesNewsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.Item Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2017(North Dakota State University, 2018) North Dakota State University. Department of Plant SciencesNewsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.