Spatial characterization of surface microtopography is important in understanding the overland flow generation and the spatial distribution of surface runoff. In this study, fractal parameters (i.e., fractal dimension D and crossover length l) and three hydrotopographic parameters, random roughness (RR) index, maximum depression storage (MDS), and the number of connected areas (NCA), have been applied to characterize the spatial complexity of microtopography. Clear and meaningful relationships have been established between these parameters. The RR was calculated as the standard deviation of the processed elevation, and the fractal parameters were calculated with the semivariogram method. The puddle delineation program was applied in this study to spatially delineate soil surface and to accurately determine MDS and NCA. It has been found that fractal parameters can better characterize surface microtopography. More importantly, fractal and anisotropic analyses can help to better understand the overland flow generation process.