Renewable sources have attracted attention due to their affordable cost and wide availability. Vegetable oils are renewable sources that have been extensively studied as potential replacement for petroleum derived chemicals. However, vegetable oils tend to produce soft materials with modest properties due to their chemical structure. Consequently, their modifications have been studied to develop high performance materials with improved properties. One of the modifications involves substituting the glycerol core with sucrose to increase the functionality per molecule. Another approach is converting the less reactive internal carbon-carbon double bonds with the more reactive epoxy groups, which permits access to a variety of crosslinking pathways. Epoxidized sucrose soyate (ESS) is a sucrose ester fatty acid (SEFA), which was epoxidized via the Prilezhaev reaction. ESS has a rigid sucrose core and epoxy functionalized fatty acid side chains. The high functionality of ESS was exploited and it was converted to methacrylated and carbonated resins. The methacrylated resins were applied in producing themosets by free-radical polymerizations while the carbonated resins were studied in step-growth polymerizations. Several studies were done to exploit the high functionality of the methacrylated resins: reduction of the viscosity while increasing crosslinkable moieties, introduction of ductility, structure-property relationships, and investigation of resin versatility in photocurable systems. Meanwhile, the carbonated resins were used to form non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) coatings via cyclic carbonate-amine reactions. Overall, the highly functionalized bio-based thermosets showed very promising properties for composites and coatings applications.