| dc.description.abstract | Studies examining health of the distal limb and lameness conditions are important for education and future research. It is hypothesized that changes to the external hoof would result in alterations to blood flow throughout the distal limb and changes to digital cushion thickness. To investigate these things, the following experiments (exp) were conducted. Exp 1: MRI images of the equine distal limb. All images had identified abnormalities to internal structures, and a lameness score assigned. Digital cushion thickness was measured, however no relationship of thickness and lameness was observed (P≥0.12). Exp 2: Trimming and shoeing is a routine procedure for maintenance of proper hoof health; therefore two exp at separate locations (NDSU and UMC) were conducted to examine digital cushion thickness, carpal joint circumference, and blood flow during this time. Specifically, measurements were obtained 24h post trimming and shoeing and periodically throughout an 8 wk period. No significant differences were identified in carpal joint circumference or digital cushion thickness at either location. Thermographic images identified changes in hoof temperature in bare and shod horses at both locations. Week by treatment interaction was significant at NDSU (P=0.04), with hoof temperature decreased in both treatment groups one week post trimming and shoeing. Shod horses remained below baseline throughout the 8 week period, and were significantly colder (P=0.02) than bare at 8 wk. Week by treatment interaction was also significant at UMC (P<0.0001), with decreased hoof temperature in both treatment groups 4 wks post trimming and shoeing, followed by shod horses increasing to baseline at 8 wk while bare remained colder. Exp 3: Transformative learning in undergraduate students. Undergraduate students enrolled in an Equine Science research course conducted four individual studies. Transformative learning was assessed throughout the course through reflection questions and discussions. It was determined that transformative learning was achieved, however it was dependent on the particular student and their previous experience and knowledge. Overall, the current experiments provide further understanding of the distal limb. Further research should continue to place focus on those structures and mechanisms within the hoof which play an overall role in its proper function. | en_US |
