Organizations are constantly striving for effective and flexible means for managing challenges due to globalization and increasing customer expectations. Many in business community attempted to implement the Toyota Production System, or lean in their organizations to address the challenges. While the intent in many cases were to create a more flexible, effective and efficient organizations that meets the challenges of survival under external and internal pressures. However, the existing body of knowledge on lean is disperse and diverse in nature with respect to the application and implementation of lean tools and practices, making it difficult for researchers and practitioners to gain a real grasp of this topic. This research not only organizes the existing work on implementing lean but also documents challenges of implementation. The primary goal of this research is to study the organizational change and lean transformation from socio-technical perspective. In the process of discovery and empirical research, this work first, identifies challenges of organizational lean transformation. Second, it discovered organizational constructs from socio-technical perspective that has relevance on organizational challenge and lean transformation. Third, it proposed a hypothetical model, create a measurement model for predicting organizational change and lean transformation. Finally, this research tested a set of hypotheses. An Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and subsequently a confirmatory analysis (CFA) was performed to identify the significance of latent organizational factors from socio-technical perspective as well as provide a theoretical model based on model fit indices exploiting path analysis (PA). This research contributed in providing a meaningful framework for organizational change and lean transformation and develop an instrument for measuring the organizational change and lean transformation for analyzing the gap or identify challenges in lean implementation from socio-technical perspective at organizational levels.